IL1B and inflammatory bowel disease: Several studies on mouse and human intestinal organoids identified that adding tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Flagellin and interferon-gamma (INF-γ), either individually or in combination, induces an inflammatory response that mimics certain aspects of IBD [67–70] (Fig. 1).