CXCL1 and age-related macular degeneration: Multiple inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8, have been shown to be involved in the development of AMD [17], and macrophages, which are recruited to the inflammatory sites by chemokines, such as CXCL1 and MCP-1, may play important roles in patients who cannot completely respond to anti-VEGF therapies [11].