ALB and diabetic kidney disease: During the development of DN, the hyaline arteriolosclerosis of the glomerular afferent and efferent arteries leads to glomerular hyperfiltration and increased albumin excretion, which can lead to diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis and typical nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules) in the late stage of DKD (13).