ALB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Building on adjusted Model 2, after accounting for additional confounding variables, including diabetes, CHF, COPD, MAP, AMI, pneumonia, rhythm, β-blocker use, SOFA score, BUN, Albumin, Hct, ALT, there was an enhanced association between the HR/T ratio and 28-day mortality in patients with HF, which remained statistically significant (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17–2.04, p = 0.002).