Cell viability tests indicated that CAF exosomes prominently increased the proliferation ability of NSCLC cells (CCK-8: increased 0.6-fold (A549 and HCC827), colony formation: increased 2.2-fold (A549) and 2.3-fold (HCC827)), and the overexpression of TOLLIP reversed these effects (Fig. 7B,C). The gene discussed is TOLLIP; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.