LEP and hypertensive disorder: In a Chinese study (mean age, ~60 years; mean BMI, ~26 kg/m2), serum leptin levels were positively associated with DPN risk when adjusting for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, HbA1c level, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, and LDL, but this association was attenuated and became statistically insignificant when the regression model was further adjusted for lipid-lowering medications, eGFR, and disease duration (11).