STK11 and neoplasm: These investigations demonstrate that there are numerous neoplasms with mutations in the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway46 and these mutations are sufficient for spontaneous tumor formation in translational animal models.170, 171, 172 As such, pharmaceutically activating LKB1-AMPK signaling using AMPK agonists, such as metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), are under investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for tumorigenesis.