Cancer stem cells (CSC) secrete cytokines and chemokines such as G-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), CXCL2, and CCL22 due to the ΔNp63 transcription factor, which promotes the development and recruitment of MDSCs to the primary tumor and premetastatic niche (81). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is cancer.