It is worth noting that there are other cells and molecules in the TIME that can inhibit effective anti-tumor immune responses, such as MDSCs, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), adenosine, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Cekic et al., 2014; Mannino et al., 2015; Keir et al., 2008; Pan et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.