M: male; F: female; DM: diabetes mellitus; FBS: fasting blood sugar; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; SFI: serum fasting insulin: HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; VLDL-C: very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MDA: malondialdehyde; NO: nitric oxide; GSH: glutathione. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.