IP: interstitial pneumonia; PAP: pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; KL-6: Krebs von den Lungen-6; MDA-5: melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5; Ab: antibody; DM-ILD: dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease; PSL: prednisolone; CyA: cyclosporine A; IVCY: intravenous cyclophosphamide; ARS: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; AZA: azathioprine; CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; TAC: tacrolimus; TFB: tofacitinib. The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.