Targeted treatments, such as TKIs for ALK, ROS1, and RET fusions, have shown higher response rates of up to 80% and longer duration of response compared to chemotherapy.25, –27 KRAS G12C inhibitors have recently been approved for treatment in later-line settings for advanced-stage NSCLC with a response rate of 40%.28,29 However, our study did not investigate the association between the use of targeted therapies at relapse and survival outcomes. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma.