These cytokines are also members of TGF-β superfamily and strongly associated with plaque vulnerability, osteogenic differentiation, and intraplaque calcification.69Another TGF-β family member that could serve as a valuable target is BMP7.69This bone morphogenetic protein possesses anti-inflammatory and calcification-protective effects in CKD.98, 99. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.