Anti-CTLA-4 treatments have shown minimal success in treating MSI-high RCRC tumors, whereas PD-1 inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab have demonstrated significant efficacy, leading to improved responses and prolonged survival in patients with these tumors due to their ability to block PD-1 and enhance the immune system’s ability to recognize and attack cancer cells [59]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is cancer.