INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: MetS, including T2D, polycystic ovary syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), CVD, and cancer, such as breast, uterus, cervix, colon, esophagus, pancreas, kidney, and prostate cancer, can develop when pancreatic beta cells are unable to produce enough insulin for an extended period of time (Jensen et al. 1989).