To further validate the anti-NAFLD effect of WSF across the inflammatory TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 pathway in diet-induced mice, IHC (Fig. 8A), WB (Fig. 9A) and ELISA analyses of pivotal proteins and inflammation factors in the liver were performed. Here, NFKB1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.