As integrators of the inflammatory pathway in NAFLD, inactivation of NF-κB and COX-2 could lead to less secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (Huang et al. 2019; Cheng et al. 2013), which was consistent with the ELISA results in this study. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.