ACOD1 and viral infectious disease: Contradictory roles of itaconate in viral infection has also been demonstrated.26,27,45,46 It has been reported that itaconate restricts Zika virus replication by inhibiting SDH in neurons.27 and restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibiting Nrf2 activation.26 Our study demonstrates the enhancing effect of IRG1-itaconate-axis on VSV and IAV infection independent on the above two antiviral mechanisms.