However, it has been observed that increased TLR2 expression and the secretion/mRNA expression of various cytokines/chemokines (IL6, IL8, IL 1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL10, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL10, COX2, CXCL1/KC, CXCL2/MIP2) and immune effectors (antimicrobial peptides hBD2, iNOS, Fibronectin, Oxygen, and Nitrogen reactive species) are significant functions of TLR2 in leptospirosis. The gene discussed is CALCA; the disease is leptospirosis.