TNF and neoplasm: Furthermore, elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-18), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Transforming Growth Factor-ß (TGF-ß), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), chemokine (C-X-C motif), and ligand 2 (CXCL2) have been noted in tumors induced by foreign materials, suggesting their potential significant role in tumor development [23,24].