HAVCR1 and acute kidney injury: Notably, the reduced renal HO-1 expression was associated with an exacerbation of kidney injury in mice with HUS as indicated by a 1.7-fold increase (p = 0.02) in plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and a 1.3-fold increase (p = 0.06) in plasma urea, while other surrogate parameters for AKI (e.g., periodic acid Schiff staining, kidney injury molecule-1, fibrin deposition) and general disease progression (HUS score, weight loss) remained unchanged.