EIF2A and hypospadias: 1. Exposure to DBP led to a 43.48% incidence of hypospadias in male rats2. Decreased anogenital distance and genital tubercle volume3. Decreased cell apoptosis and increased cell autophagy in the genital tubercle of rats with hypospadias4. Increased expression of p-PERK, p-eIF2α and ATF4 proteins in the genital tubercle of male rats with hypospadias, concluding that activation of the PERK-eIF2α pathway may increase cellular autophagy and inhibit apoptosis, promoting the development of hypospadias induced by DBP