AR and hypospadias: 1. Maternal exposure to DBP led to a 10.9% incidence of anorectal malformations combined with hypospadias in the male offspring2. Reduced expression of AR, which decreased the expression of androgen-related genes (Shh and Fgf10), which resulted in abnormal expression of downstream factors (Gli2, Gli3, Bmp4, Wnt5a, Hoxa13, Hoxd13, Fgfr2) in the terminal rectum and genital tubercle