The goal is not to assess the performance of the new CFTR protein-modulating therapies in chronic bronchial fungal colonization/infection; while it is true that exacerbations decrease with the advent of the new CFTR-modulating therapy, exacerbations still occur, and it is now even more important to elucidate an early diagnostic method in detecting fungus and determine if treatment is necessary. The gene discussed is CFTR; the disease is infection.