G6PC1 and Insulin resistance: Daily oral supplement of fermented SSs to streptozotocin/nicotinamide (STZ/NA)-induced diabetic rats for 7 weeks reduced plasma glucose and insulin resistance. It enhanced hepatic glucose catabolism by increasing hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, while reducing the glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Fermented SSs also lowered plasma total cholesterol (TG), triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol, and liver TG, as well as lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats.