BRAF and cutaneous melanoma: These studies have shown that cutaneous melanomas are characterized by recurrent genetic alterations occurring at the level of genes involved in the RAS/MAPK/pathways (BRAF, RAS, NF1), telomerase (Telomerase Promoter), the cell cycle (RB1, CDKN2A), apoptosis (TP53, MDM2), the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway (PTEN, PI3K) and MITF (MITF) [2,3].