IGHE and asthma: The data showed positive correlations between IgE levels and both IFN-α (rh = 0.26, p = 0.04) and TNF-α (rh = 0.29, p = 0.02), suggesting possible interactions between allergic and inflammatory pathways, as described in McIntyre and Viswanathan’s [15] work on asthma phenotype complexity.