Inhibition of immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1, have shown remarkable results in treating solid tumors [40,44] and recently became a standard first-line treatment for both NSCLC and SCLC [45], but its benefits are limited to a small number of patients [46,47] and there is also potential triggering of adverse effects in lungs under induced alterations in immune cells activity in the tumor microenvironment [31]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.