Changes in homocysteine metabolism, inflammation, altered metabolite panels, molecular mimicry, activation of lipopolysaccharide-toll-like receptor 4 pathway, and direct dissemination of microbes are the proposed mechanisms justifying the role of dysbiosis in pathogenesis glaucoma, changes in intraocular pressure, and retinal ganglion cell count (Huang et al., 2023). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is glaucoma.