TARTAGLIA M, ZENKER M, and GELB BD are considered to be the most authoritative NS scientists, and they are all in the same cluster, which makes this cluster significantly more potent as a whole.2023 Together, they have utilized three-dimensional cardio bodies and bio-artificial cardiac tissues to reveal the mechanistic link between NS-associated RAF1 (S257L) and severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Nakhaei-Rad et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene RAF1 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.