Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) acts as a rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation, and low expression of FXR reduces PPARα and CPT1 expression on the one hand to decrease fatty acid oxidation, which reduces fat consumption resulting in hepatic lipid accumulation (97, 98), and on the other hand, promotes the expression of the scavenger receptor (CD36) to increase fatty acid uptake and directly regulates ApoC-II to decrease triglyceride hydrolysis thereby accelerating NAFLD (99, 100). Here, NR1H4 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.