Since the secretion of inflammatory cytokines is implicated in AD [27, 28] and at the same time, metabolic intermediates can act as pro‐inflammatory agents per se [16, 23, 29, 30], we investigated whether TNFα or IL‐1β secretion is modulated by medium supplementation with succinate or citrate (Fig. 3D–G). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Alzheimer disease.