To further explore the TIME of HNSCC, we compared the proportions of immune cells and nonimmune cells between adjacent normal tissues and tumor tissues and divided the immune cells into five subsets: B cells (MS4A1 and BANK1), mast cells (TPSAB1 and CPA3), plasma cells (JCHAIN and TNFRSF17), myeloid cells (FPR3 and MS4A4A) and T cells (CD3D and CD3E) (Fig. 1E, F; Supplementary Fig. S1C-G). Here, CPA3 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.