VPS13B and Cowden syndrome 1: Recent studies using neuronal models, including iPSC-derived neurons and animal models of CS, have indicated that VPS13B depletion is linked to neurodevelopmental abnormalities, such as axonal elongation defects, defective synaptogenesis, and increased autophagic flux (Seifert et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2020).