Innovative immunotherapies, encompassing immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), or its ligand programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have been integrated into the treatment regimens for advanced HCC (19). Here, CD274 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.