MMP9 and neoplasm: The specific mechanism involves down-regulating p38mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, whichaffects the binding of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein-associatedprotein 1 (CREB-AP1) to the promoters of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), thereby inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion.