INS and diabetes mellitus: Ten male 5-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups of five, with each group receiving implant placement. DM was induced in all rats via a single intraperitoneal injection of 70 mg/kg Streptozocin before the implantation procedure. The rats were monitored post-injection, and diabetes was confirmed on day 2. Insulin therapy was initiated to manage T1DM.