In 2023, SWOG S1929 reported at ASCO that 79% of SCLC tumor tissues were SLFN11-positive, and, in patients with SFN11-positive (H-score ≥ 1) ES-SCLC, addition of PARPi Talazoparib to Atezolumab as maintenance therapy following first-line chemotherapy + Atezolumab improved mPFS (4.2 vs. 2.8 months, P = 0.056) (45), demonstrating that SLFN11 might be a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of ICIs combined with PARPi treatment. Here, SLFN11 is linked to neoplasm.