CXCL1 and infection: In vitro experiments show that the infection of human cervical carcinoma epithelial cells (HeLa) and human preputial fibroblasts (HFFs) with the T. gondii RH strain induces the expression and secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8), growth-related carcinogens α (GROα/CXCL1) and MCP-1 (CCL2) (Denney et al., 1999).