TNF and hip fracture: Inflammatory markers, such as high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2/4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL1b, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), were also found to increase in the myocardium after hip fracture, indicating that the inflammatory response may be one of the causes of secondary myocardial injury after hip fracture [27].