PLOD1 and breast cancer: Compared to the BC group, serum E2 and P levels in the PC group significantly escalated (p < 0.01), with FSH and LH markedly reduced (p < 0.01), aligning with exogenous hormone administration manifestations; the ORH group showed notable increases in serum E2 and P (p < 0.05), with FSH and LH levels remaining stable (p > 0.05).