POMC and duodenal ulcer: The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis with a cascade of hormones, including corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol, is a major part of the neuroendocrine system in exposure to stress that plays a role in stress ulcer formation and development (Karin et al. 2020).