Liver cirrhosis patients exhibit increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) collage because of increased production of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine that provokes the initiation of liver cirrhosis via activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and increases α‐SMA formation in the ECM. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cirrhosis of liver.