BDNF and infection: BDNF expression may also indicate a potential neuroprotective effect while alterations in eEF2 and ERK kinases may reflect an adaptive cellular response (Bathina and Das, 2015) to signals from the gut exposed to antibiotics or coccidiostats, or infection with APEC, aiming to maintain cellular homeostasis and function or influence neuroprocesses that are important for long-term memory and adaptation to stress.