To more accurately assess and manage IR in diabetic patients, researchers have developed a series of non-insulin-based IR indices, such as the metabolic insulin resistance score (METS-IR), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG), triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), and the triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), etc. METS-IR is an emerging method for assessing IR with the added benefit of evaluating an individual’s cardiometabolic risk (24, 25). Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.