In another context, Mulberry leaf polysaccharides have been shown to significantly reduce fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and mitigate IR, and these effects are mediated through the modulation of BAs metabolism, as evidenced by increased ileal expression of TGR5 and suppressed hepatic and ileal expression of FXR mRNA in T2DM rats (201). This evidence concerns the gene NR1H4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.