OIP5 and lung cancer: In the context of lung cancer, the “ceRNA” molecular mechanism is instrumental in establishing critical pathways, including OIP5-AS1/miR-142-5p/PD-L1 (84), MEG3/miR-15a-5p/CCNE1 (62), and HOTAIRM1/miR-328-5p/SPON2 (63).