CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Besides this, immunotherapy approaches, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that target programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), its ligands, PD-L1/L2, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) have shown promising outcomes for treating NSCLC patients[7,13–15].