Previous research has demonstrated that hyperglycemia, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and excessive amino acids all contribute to increased mTOR activity in the kidney.21, 22, 23 Excessive activation of mTOR can disrupt the balance of protein synthesis, leading to metabolic disorders and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress within the cells.24, 25, 26. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.