ESR1, TNF, SRC, HSP90AA1, and CASP3 further contribute to immunoregulation via distinct mechanisms: ESR1 influences the activity of T and B cells and plays a role in the treatment of sex-related autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.