Additionally, various factors in insulin resistance may contribute to reduced HDL, such as cholesterol ester exchange between HDLc and VLDL triglycerides, increased hepatic lipase activity, and altered hepatic function affecting production of apo AI (the main apoprotein of HDL) and secretion of nascent HDLc (Howard, 1999; Ginsberg et al., 2005). The gene discussed is APOA1; the disease is Insulin resistance.