Significant differences were found between patients developing GISEs and those without GISEs in terms of age, gender, duration of diabetes, history of gastrointestinal disorders, smoking history, number of combined oral drugs (the types of combined oral medications are shown in Supplementary Table S3), body mass index (BMI), DBP, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), uric acid (UA), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene GPT and digestive system disorder.